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Biocultural Features of Urban Gardens and Yards Enhance Place-making and Belonging in South African Townships

by Duncan Haynes, Michelle Cocks, and Charlie Shackleton . . South African cities and towns continue to reflect legacies of colonialism and apartheid, during which urban black Africans were restricted to living in designated areas, locally termed “townships.” Generally, townships were poorly serviced, with a high proportion of informal structures, backyard dwellers, and widespread poverty.